Effort optimism refers to how strongly a student believes their hard work / effort in school will pay off with academic / school success.
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Effort optimism would not be relevant if all students are taught equally and there was no divide between majority and minority students in schools.
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Lack of effort optimism has often been described as an important part of the achievement gap between students with majority and minority background in the American educational system.
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Another factor in effort optimism is the concept of Stereotype threat, which describes the process of one's fear of confirming a negative stereotype leading that individual to become that negative stereotype.
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"' Effort optimism "'is the confidence that acquiring the skills valued by majority society, such as those skills measured by IQ tests, ACT, and SATs, are worthwhile.
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The explanation of these findings may be that children of caste-like minorities, due to the systemic limitations of their prospects of social advancement, do not have " effort optimism ", i . e . they do not have the confidence that acquiring the skills valued by majority society, such as those skills measured by IQ tests, is worthwhile.
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